Linkage of downy mildew resistance genes Pd 1 and Pd 2from Allium roylei Stearn in progeny of its interspecific hybrid with onion (A. cepa L.)

Summary Male meiosis of the interspecific hybrid between Allium roylei and A. cepa is undisturbed relative to its parents. Based on meiotic data, A. roylei is concluded to be a closer relative of A. cepa than A. fistulosum. Segregation ratios for downy mildew resistance among BC₁ and F₂ progenies from the F₁ between A. roylei and A. cepa indicate the presence of two dominantly inherited, weakly linked nuclear resistance genes, Pd ₁ and Pd ₂, in A. roylei (recombination frequency 0.32±0.03). Presumably Pd ₁ and Pd ₂are the first genes described in Allium residing in one linkage group. The prospects of exploiting A. roylei in onion breeding seem very promising.     

Geographical distribution of allozyme patterns in shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum Backer) and wakegi onion (A. × wakegi Araki)

Summary Shallot and wakegi were collected in the main islands of Indonesia, and in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh. Five isozyme resolutions, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glutamate oxaloacetate (GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), esterase (EST) and peroxidase (POX) were employed for demonstrating inter-and intraspecific differences. A dendrogram separated 189 collected accessions into 25 types of wakegi onion and 18 types of shallot. All accessions of Japan, Korea and Taiwan were determined to be wakegi onion, whereas those of Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand were shallot. Twenty-six out of 165 Indonesian accessions indicated wakegi onion distribution in Sumatra, West Java province and in Sulawesi Island. This confirmed that there is mixed-cultivation of the two Allium species with no distinction made between them. Japan and Indonesia had respectively 12 and eight unique types of wakegi onion, while Korea had only one type. West Java showed the most various type of wakegi onion, whereas East Java had many types of shallot. Shallots collected from Bangladesh were distinetly different from those of South East Asian types.     

露地洋葱施肥、土壤养分及产量状况的分析研究

在农户调查和土壤测试相结合的基础上,分析了山东惠民县露地洋葱土壤养分状况、肥料投入及其对产量和养分平衡的影响。结果表明,施用有机肥农户占总调查户的44%,平均由有机肥带入的氮磷钾养分量分别为N 170kg hm-2、P2O5112 kg hm-2、K2O 223 kg hm-2。化肥氮、磷投入量较高,平均分别为N 458 kg hm-2和P2O5399 kg hm-2,是洋葱氮磷吸收量的4.0和6.0倍,化学钾肥不足(K2O 131 kg hm-2),占洋葱钾吸收量的55%。收获时0~30 cm土壤无机氮含量达到88 kg hm-2,O lsen-P(P)和速效钾(K)平均含量分别为25.5和104 mg kg-1。自春季返青前到收获期间,30~60 cm和60~90 cm土壤无机氮含量均有不同程度的提高,土壤氮表观损失量与氮素投入量呈显著直线相关,维持土壤氮素平衡的最大氮素供应量为290 kg hm-2。相关分析表明,无论是氮、钾化肥投入量还是各阶段土壤无机氮、速效钾含量都与洋葱产量无显著相关,而磷肥用量及0~30 cm土壤剖面O lsen-P含量与产量有显著正相关(p<0.05)。     

辽葱5号的选育

辽葱5号是以玉田县五叶齐大葱为母本、朝阳鳞棒葱为父本进行有性杂交，对杂交后代进行季节穿梭选择的方法，即用3年时间进行了3个世代的以株为单位的混合选择及以株系为单位的选择，最后留选1个经济性状整齐、生殖性状稳定的雄性可育母系，经系内混合授粉育成的大葱新品种。该葱生长旺盛、秋葱产量高、葱白较长、叶片直立性好、抗紫斑病能力较强，适合长季节栽培，生育期在120d以上，属中晚熟品种。冬贮干葱可食用率高，适宜北方各省、区种植。     

红皮洋葱新品种‘西葱1号’的“一道清”高效栽培技术研究

将“一道清”的高产长效施肥技术在激光诱变选育出的红皮洋葱新品种‘西葱1号’上施用，通过与’常规施肥试验的对比，得出使用这种施肥技术可显著提高肥料利用率25％左右，能满足洋葱生长全过程的需要；还能降低洋葱早期抽薹率50％左右，改善洋葱品质，产量提高5％以上，施肥上用工减少5／4以上。在生产应用上有极好的前景。     

出口洋葱品种比较试验

通过引进国外洋葱品种及其品种比较试验,筛选出适宜洛阳种植的优良品种,总结出配套栽培技术,旨在为建立出口加工洋葱生产基地提供参考.试验选用4个国外优良品种,以2个国内品种为对照,分黄皮和白皮两组作田间小区试验,组内随机排列,三次重复.结果表明,黄皮洋葱适宜在洛阳地区种植,其中日本红叶3号(黄皮)产量达6 816kg/667m2,比对照增产12.3%,白皮洋葱抗抽薹力差,产量低.     

超早熟大葱雄性不育系603A、626A的选育

在凌源地方大葱品种采种田选出的优株中,发现了早熟雄性不育株,当年将花球分区,区位授粉配置5个杂交组合,收获的种子种成株系。次年从不育株率高的株系中选择优株与相应原群体的可育株成对杂交,同时父本自交。连续4代选择,603、626不育系与相应父本授粉,不育株率、不育度均为100%,简称603A、626A,相应父本简称603B、626B。603A、626A授粉后结实正常。以603A、626A配置的杂交组合表现出较强的早熟及产量优势。     

大葱新品种‘安蔬铁杆王’

 ‘安蔬铁杆王’是利用系统定向选择方法育成的大葱新品种。株高130 ~ 140 cm,葱白长60 ~ 65 cm,横径 3.0 ~ 5.0 cm,单株质量 500 g,鲜葱产量75 ~ 79 t · hm-2。葱白品质佳,适于生食。耐贮藏,干葱率85.5%。抗霜霉病和紫斑病,抗倒伏。适于中国北方地区栽培。     

大葱新品种引种筛选和适应性试验

对2010年引进的10个大葱新品种进行产量和抗病性比较。试验结果表明．掖辐大葱和铁杆巨葱综合性状较好,产量高、抗病性强、商品性好,适宜在甘谷县大面积推广种植。